IGraphene yikhabhoni enamacala amabini enemigangatho emibini yobusi kunye neleyithi yobusi enehexagonal eyenziwe ziiathom zekhabhoni kunye ne-sp² hybrid orbitals.
IGraphene ineepropathi ezibalaseleyo zamehlo, zombane, kunye nezoomatshini, kwaye inethemba elibalulekileyo lesicelo kwisayensi yezinto, ukusetyenzwa kwe-nano encinci, amandla, i-biomedicine, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi.Ithathwa njengento eguqukayo kwixesha elizayo.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuvelisa umgubo we-graphene ziyindlela ye-mechanical peeling, indlela ye-redox, indlela yokukhula ye-SiC epitaxial, kunye nendlela yokuvelisa ifilimu encinci yi-chemical vapor deposition (CVD).