1. It is widely used as organic intermediates for the pharmaceutical, engineering plastics, resins etc..
2. It is used for the synthesis of sedatives, contraceptives and cancer drugs in the pharmaceutical industry.
3. It is used for the production of dyes, alkyd resin, glass fiber reinforced plastics, ion exchange resins and pesticides.
4. It is an acidulant that is commercially prepared by the hydrogenation of maleic or fumaric acid.
5. It is used as an acidulant and flavor enhancer in relishes, beverages, and hot sausages.
6. It is identified in essential oil from Saxifraga stolonifera and has antibacterial activity.
